Biography of markovnikov hydration

There are two main ways of converting alcohols to alkenes, and both are called hydration of alkenes. One is the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes, and the other is the hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes.

Notice the key difference in the products: the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes follows the Markovnikov’s rule, whereas the hydroboration-oxidation places the OH group in the anti Markovnikov position.

Markovnikov rule class 11

Markovnikov rule pdf

Anti markovnikov rule

Markovnikov and anti markovnikov rule

Markovnikov rule in simple words

A quick reminder, Markovnikov’s rule is followed when the X component of the HX reactant (for example HCl, HBr, HI, HOH) adds to the more substituted carbon atom.

We have dedicated posts for each of these reactions that you can read, but here, we’ll put a quick summary mechanism for them to understand their regiochemistry. Let’s start with the acid-catalyzed hydration of butene:

Notice that the reaction goes through a carbocation intermediate, and this should be a hint to you to watch out for possible rearrangem